journal of hazardous materials, 2023,https:// doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131300
abstract
cyflumetofen was widely applied in agriculture with its excellent acaricidal effect. however, the impact of cyflumetofen on the soil non-target organism earthworm ( eisenia fetida ) is unclear. this study aimed to elucidate the bioaccumulation of cyflumetofen in soil-earthworm systems and the ecotoxicity of earthworms. the highest concentration of cyflumetofen enriched by earthworms was found on the 7th day. long-term exposure of earthworms to the cyflumetofen (10 mg/kg) could suppress protein content and increases malondialdehyde content leading to severe peroxidation. transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated that catalase and superoxide-dismutase activities were significantly activated while genes involved in related signaling pathways were significantly upregulated. in terms of detoxification metabolic pathways, high concentrations of cyflumetofen stimulated the number of differentially-expressed-genes involved in the detoxification pathway of the metabolism of glutathione. identification of three detoxification genes (loc100376457, loc114329378, and jgibgza-33j12) had synergistic detoxification. additionally, cyflumetofen promoted disease-related signaling pathways leading to higher disease risk, affecting the transmembrane capacity and cell membrane composition, ultimately causing cytotoxicity. superoxide-dismutase in oxidative stress enzyme activity contributed more to detoxification. carboxylesterase and glutathione-s-transferase activation play a major detoxification role in high-concentration treatment. altogether, these results contribute to a better understanding of toxicity and defense mechanisms involved in long-term cyflumetofen exposure in earthworms.
journal of hazardous materials,if=13.6
